Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium (Avian, Pure B™ & Pure S™)

We produce the following origins Chondroitin Sulfate:

• Chondroitin Sulfate ex. Avian, USP & EP
• Pure B™ [*], Chondroitin Sulfate ex. Bovine, USP & EP
• Pure S™ [**], Chondroitin Sulfate ex. Marine, USP & EP

To guarantee the genuine origin and the superior quality, we effect the enzymatic-HPLC and FTIR tests on each batch of our production.

As shown by Prof. Nicola Volpi [***], the special own characteristics of each origin of CS are presented hereunder:

	Chondroitin Sulfate Marine origin	Chondroitin Sulfate Bovine origin	Chondroitin Sulfate Avian origin
Molecular Weight	Approx. 30,000 Dalton	Approx. 20,000 Dalton	Approx. 20,000 Dalton
Specific Rotation	-12° ~ -19°	-20° ~ -30°	-20° ~ -30°
E-HPLC Spectrum
FTIR Spectrum
4-sulfated disaccharides /6-sulfated disaccharides Ratio	Lower than 1.0	Approx. 1.5-2.0	Approx. 4.0-5.0
Presence of Disulfated Disaccharides	Yes	No	No

* Pure B™ is the registered brand of our pure Bovine origin Chondroitin.

** Pure S™ is the registered brand of our pure Marine origin (ichthyic) Chondroitin.

*** Prof. Nicola Volpi is the Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Modena & Reggio Emilia in Italy. He is a respected scientist who studied the characteristics of Chondroitin from different origins. He published over 40 articles, in which he discussed this topic as well as the applied test method. We supported him the Chondroitin samples for his studies in 2005 and 2006.